However, after expert opinions of Soviet naval specialists were considered, the role of the class changed to torpedo attacks on enemy warships and transport ships during actions along the ocean and distant sea routes. K-27 was laid down on 15 June 1958 and launched on 1 April 1962. K-3 performed 14 long range cruises and passed 128,443 miles over 30 years (1958–1988). The only submarine of the class built to the original Project 627 design. K-8 was a November-class submarine of the Soviet Northern Fleet that sank in the Bay of Biscay with her nuclear weapons on board on April 12, 1970. In view of reforming of submarine units K-14 was given to 3rd division of nuclear submarines which was a part of 1st submarine flotilla in January 1961. by ROBERT FARLEY. A 'NOVEMBER' class (Project 627 "Kit") attack submarine. On 12 February 1988 a fire took place in a hold of VII compartment during maintenance work in the naval base, the fire was brought under control using submarine chemical smothering arrangement but one man was lost. The November class were twin-hulled submarines with streamlined stern fins and nine compartments (I – bow torpedo, II – living and battery, III – central station, IV – diesel-generator, V – reactor, VI – turbine, VII – electromechanic, VIII – living, IX – stern). K-60 entered service with the Northern Fleet (given to 3rd division of nuclear submarines which was a part of 1st submarine flotilla, based in Malaya Lopatka of Zapadnaya Litsa Fjord) on 6 August 1964. The November class attack submarines were considerably noisier than diesel submarines and the early American nuclear-powered submarines, … They also provided painful lessons, paid in human lives lost or irreparably injured, in the risks inherent to exploiting nuclear power, and in the high price to be paid for technical errors and lax safety procedures. Some of the largest submarines in the world, the Georgia was converted in the early 2000s to carry cruise missiles for attack on land. The November-class boats finally began to enter retirement in the 1980s and early 1990s—but not before being subject to a final few accidents, not of their own making. The K-8 nuclear submarine, a Project 627 A (NATO code name: November class) of the Soviet Navy’s Northern Fleet, sank in the Bay of Biscaya on 8 April 1970 resulting in the death of 52 crew members. This lack of discretion, combined with its inferior sonar array, made the November class ill suited for hunting opposing submarines. It joins several other submarines of its class in this configuration and another dozen of the similar class. The Project 627 (Russian – проект 627 "Кит" (Whale), NATO – November) class submarine was the Soviet Union's first class of nuclear-powered submarines. Here's What You Need To Remember: The November-class submarines may not have been particularly silent hunters, but they nonetheless marked a breakthrough in providing the Soviet submarine fleet global reach while operating submerged. The keel was laid on 24 September 1955. Novembers detected submarine targets during active service (for example, there were 42 detections in 1965 when regular cruises of Soviet nuclear-powered submarines began). A Soviet ‘November-class’ submarine. K-11 entered service with the Northern Fleet (given to 3rd division of nuclear submarines which was a part of 1st submarine flotilla, based in Malaya Lopatka of Zapadnaya Litsa Fjord) on 16 March 1962. Reflecting this change of mission, the final design of Project 627 was developed with eight 533 mm torpedo tubes instead of the initial plan for one 1,550 mm and two 533 mm torpedo tubes. Here's What You Need To Remember: The November-class submarines may not have been particularly silent hunters, but they nonetheless marked a breakthrough in providing the Soviet submarine … [citation needed]. Machinery problems were the main reason why Project 627/627A submarines were not used during the Cuban Missile Crisis in autumn 1962[citation needed]. At the time, the Soviet Union lacked the long-range missiles or bombers that could easily hit most of the continental United States. Key Point: The November-class submarined expanded Soviet influence, but at a cost. Laid down 4 April 1962, launched 22 October 1962, and commissioned 31 December 1962. K-21 passed 190,831 miles (22,932 operational hours) since placed in service.[6]. Flagman 1/350 K-3 “November” Class Submarine By Chris Banyai-Riepl. The reliability of the steam generators became better over the course of construction development, handling technical problems and training of crews, so Novembers began to frequently perform Arctic under-ice cruises and patrol missions to trace nuclear delivery vessels in Atlantic Ocean in the 1960s. 893 "Zvezdochka"). The submarine was modernized between November 1971 – September 1973 and given to 17th submarine division of 11th submarine flotilla based in Gremikha in 1975. K-3, the first Soviet submarine to sail on nuclear power, was on a Mediterranean patrol on September 8, 1967, when a hydraulic fire broke out in its torpedo tubes, with the resulting buildup of carbon monoxide killing thirty-nine sailors. Jun 12, 2019 - Explore charles wellington's board "SUBMARINE CUTAWAYS" on Pinterest. Three compartments equipped with bulkheads to withstand 10 atm pressure could be used as emergency shelters. K-8 sank with four nuclear torpedoes on board at a depth of 4,680 m (Bay of Biscay)[citation needed]. The submarine was placed at pier in Severomorsk and a depot ship continuously piped steam to submarine to avoid cooling of heat-transfer metal in the reactor. The submarine reached base successfully. whale ', NATO reporting name November) was the Soviet Union 's first class of nuclear-powered attack submarines, which were in service from 1958 through 1990. The submarine performed an Arctic cruise that year (passed 2,382 miles up-top and 3,524 miles submerged) and launched four torpedoes to determine a size of an ice-hole after explosion and a possibility to surface there. This occurred north-east of the Faeroes and 39 sailors died due to carbon monoxide poisoning (boatswain Lunya was the only person in the central station who didn't black out. click for more detailed Chinese translation, definition, pronunciation and example sentences. 645), surface – 3,065 / 3,118 / 3,414 t; submerged – 4,750 / 4,069 / 4,380 t (project 627 / 627A / 645), 5.6 / 6.4 / 5.8 m (project 627 / 627A / 645). Prime Cart. Soviet reactors were superior to American ones in compactness and power-to-weight ratio, but the vibrations of Soviet reactors were much more pronounced. First submarine in the U.S. Navy. K-159 was found and investigated by Russian deep-sea vehicles the same day in the point 69°22.64'N, 33°49.51'E (Barents Sea, 2.4 miles from Kildin Island) at a depth of 248 m. K-159 performed 9 missions and passed 212,618 miles since June 1963. Arrived naval specialists came to the wrong conclusion that deterioration of radiation environment was only a result of emission of high-active reactor water and they allowed to continue refueling. 52 sailors including the commander, Captain 2nd Rank Vsevolod Borisovich Bessonov, died due to CO2 poisoning and the flooding of the surfaced submarine during 80 hours of damage control in stormy conditions, 73 sailors were rescued. This lack of reliability may explain why the Soviet Union dispatched conventional Foxtrot submarines instead of the November-class vessels during the Cuban Missile Crisis, despite the fact that the diesel boats needed to surface every few days, and for this reason were cornered and chased away by patrolling American ships. 10th submarine division became a part of 2nd submarine flotilla of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet in November 1973. K-11 was a Soviet November-class (Project 627A) nuclear-powered attack submarine that had two reactor accidents during loading of the nuclear reactor core in Severodvinsk on 7 and 12 February 1965. Design task was assigned to OKB-16, one of the two predecessors (the other being SKB-143) of the famous Malachite Central Design Bureau, which would eventually become one of the three Soviet/Russian submarine design centers, along with Rubin Design Bureau and Lazurit Central Design Bureau ("Lazurit" is the Russian word for lazurite). Nevertheless, not even the then-new American Thresher class low-noise attack submarines could provide continuous tracking of first generation Soviet nuclear-powered submarines. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has continued the policy of maintaining a mixed nuclear-conventional submarine force. Between 3 and 6 September 2006 the submarine was transported by heavy lift ship Transshelf (belonged to Dutch Dockwise Shipping B.V. company) to Dockyard No. Media in category "November class submarines" The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. [citation needed], The reliability of the first Soviet nuclear-powered submarines was relatively low because of the short service life of the steam generators in the main propulsion machinery, which caused an increase of the radioactivity level in the second loop of the reactor after several hundred hours of reactor operation. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) used the standard radio communication phonetic alphabet to denote submarine classes. The submarines crossed the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the whole Atlantic Ocean, entered the Pacific Ocean and finished the voyage at Kamchatka. In 1968, another November-class boat proved capable of matching pace with the carrier USS Enterprise while the latter moved at full power, causing a minor panic in the Navy leadership that led to the adoption of the speedy Los Angeles–class attack submarine, some of which remain in service today. The fourteen November-class boats were deployed to the Third and Seventeenth Divisions of the Northern Fleet, though later four were transferred to the Pacific Fleet by transiting under Arctic ice. This is just an accounting of major accidents on the November-class boats—more occurred on Echo- and Hotel-class submarines equipped with the same nuclear reactors. She was laid up in Gremikha as of 2000. November class SSN 627 project.svg 1,078 × 168; 896 KB First underway on nuclear power 4 June 1958. The United States launched the first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, in 1954, revolutionizing undersea warfare.The Nautilus’s reactor allowed it operate underwater for months at a time, compared to the hours or days afforded conventional submarines.. Project 627/627A submarines could launch torpedoes from 100 m depth. The November-class submarines may not have been particularly silent hunters, but they nonetheless marked a breakthrough in providing the Soviet submarine fleet global reach while operating submerged. K-27 passed 12,425 miles (including 12,278 miles undersea) during the first cruise and 15,000 miles during the second one. Repair of K-27 ultimately proved too expensive a proposition, so it was scuttled by ramming in Stepovoy Bay in waters only thirty-three meters deep—rather than the three to four thousand meters required by the IAEA. Try. In 1965, K-27 managed to sneak up on the antisubmarine carrier USS Randolph off of Sardinia and complete a mock torpedo run before being detected. The reactor compartment was replaced in 1962 because of a breakdown of reactor protection systems. The Russian Navy failed to react until hours later, by which the time submarine had sunk, taking eight hundred kilograms of spent nuclear fuel and nine of the ten seamen manning the pontoons with it. [2] The accident occurred due to short circuits that took place in III and VII compartments simultaneously at a depth of 120 m and a subsequent fire in the air-conditioning system. Its double-hulled interior was divided into nine compartments, housing a crew of seventy-four seamen and thirty officers. Plans to raise K-159 have foundered to this day due to lack of funding. Refueling was made in September 1975 during a medium repair. K-8 started the trend in October 13, 1960, when a ruptured steam turbine nearly led to a reactor meltdown due to loss of coolant. Submarines Your questions answered SPECIAL REPORT. More than 30 sailors participated in accident elimination died between 1968–2003 because of over exposure to radiation and the Soviet government held back the truth about the tragic consequences of that reactor emergency for many years. The crew was able to jury-rig an emergency water-cooling system, but not before radioactive gas contaminated the entire vessel, seriously irradiating several of the crew. Three compartments equipped with bulkheads to withstand 10 atm pressure could be used as emergency shelters. K-14 performed 14 long-range cruises and passed 185,831 miles (22,273 operational hours) since placed in service.[5]. The only possible decision was to remove the contaminated reactor compartment and to install a new one. In February 1965, radioactive steam blasted through K-11 on two separate occasions while it underwent refueling at base. See more ideas about submarine, submarines, warship. On 7 February 1965 the ejection of radioactive steam took place during the lift of a reactor cover. [14], Podvodnyy Lodki Rossii, Atomnyy Pervoye Pokoleniye Tom IV, Chast' 1, Sankt Peterburg 1996, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Russian and Soviet navy submarine classes, 1966 Soviet submarine global circumnavigation, List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes, Article in Russian language with several photos and video of K-3 surfaced on the North Pole, "NATO Code Names for Submarines and Ships: Submarine Classes / Reporting Name", http://www.ais.org/~schnars/aero/nato-shp.htm, http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nts/627a/list.htm, http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=11811, http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2010/05/start/grounded-submarine-photographed-with-sonar, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/November-class_submarine?oldid=4536373, Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, 1 (pr. The submarine was used for training cruises since 1988 and decommissioned from the Navy's order of battle on 19 April 1990. Other articles where November is discussed: submarine: Nuclear propulsion: …first nuclear submarines, of the November class, entered service in 1958. [12][13], K-27 tied up in Gremikha bay since 20 June 1968 with cooling reactors and different experimental works were made aboard till 1973 when rebuilding or replacement of the port-side reactor was considered as too expensive and inappropriate procedure. Submarine operations are, of course, inherently risky; the U.S. Navy also lost two submarines during the 1960s, though it hasn’t lost any since. The result was a boat with a few advantages compared to its American competition, but that also exhibited a disturbing tendency to catastrophic accidents that would prove characteristic of the burgeoning Soviet submarine fleet during the Cold War. © Copyright 2020 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved, lacked the long-range missiles or bombers. In November 1964 the sail failure of fuel pins was detected during the scheduled repair in Severodvinsk and it was decided to refuel both reactors. K-27, the lone Project 645 boat, experienced a breakdown in its port-side reactor on May 24, 1968, in the Barents Sea—despite the crew warning that the reactor had experienced a similar malfunction in 1967 and had yet to test that it was functioning properly. Submarine of project 645 had two liquid metal-cooled reactors VT-1 73 MW each and two more powerful turbine-type generators ATG-610 1,600 kW each, no diesel generators. The Collins-class is a series of six Australian-built diesel-electric powered submarines in service with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The main visual differences of project 627A were a bow sonar dome in the keel and a hydrophone antenna over the torpedo tubes. The captain managed to surface the boat, and the crew nearly escaped with only moderate loss of life—except that the Soviet Navy ordered about half of the men back on board to conduct emergency repairs and pilot the ship home. The Soviet crew flooded the vessel with 250 tons of water to put out the flames, spreading radioactive water throughout the entire vessel. K-133 performed 2 patrol missions (103 days total) in 1966–1968, 2 patrol missions (93 days total) in 1971–1976, 1 patrol mission (48 days) in 1977 and 1 patrol mission in 1983–1986. K-21 was laid down on 2 April 1960 and launched on 18 June 1961. 8 533 mm bow torpedo tubes (20 torpedoes SET-65 or 53-65K). The entire crew of 124 was irradiated by radioactive gas, but Captain Leonov refused to take emergency measures until hours later due to his faith in the reactor. Laid down 13 August 1956. [2] K-133 entered service with the Northern Fleet (given to 3rd submarine division which was a part of 1st submarine flotilla, based in Bolshaya Lopatka of Zapadnaya Litsa Fjord) on 14 November 1962. Sonar Technician third class Betty Steward was almost deafened by the sound. Late in the 1950s, the Soviet Navy’s nuclear-powered submarines—starting with the November-class attack submarine—could dive twice as deep … The November class were double-hulled submarines with streamlined stern fins and nine compartments (I – bow torpedo, II – living and battery, III – central station, IV – diesel-generator, V – reactor, VI – turbine, VII – electromechanic, VIII – living, IX – stern). K-133 together with K-116 (Project 675 submarine) for the first time in the world performed submerged voyage from the Northern Fleet to the Pacific Ocean Fleet via Drake Strait under the general command of Rear Admiral A. Sorokin. K-27 was towed to a special training area in the Kara Sea and scuttled there on 6 September 1982 in the point 72°31'N 55°30'E (north-east coast of Novaya Zemlya, Stepovoy Bay) at a depth 33 m only (in contravention of an IAEA requirement which asked to scuttle the submarine somewhere at a depth not less than 3,000–4,000 m). The November class, Soviet designation Project 627 Kit (Russian: Кит, lit. ' The operation wasn't done till August 1968. However, the 627 lacked another quality generally expected of a nuclear submarine: the reactors were extremely noisy, making the Project 627 boats easy to detect despite the use of stealthy propellers and the first anti-sonar coating applied to a nuclear submarine. The Georgia was launched in 1982 and is one of the Ohio-class submarines. As a result of the accident, K-42 was also deemed damaged beyond repair and decommissioned. Project 627 had much better performance specifications (for example, submerged speed and depth) than the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine USS Nautilus. Decommissioned submarine K-159 (renamed as B-159 in 1989) in Gremikha Bay of Barents Sea, 28 August 2003 – ready for towing to the shipyard for scrapping. The submarine performed 4 patrol missions (160 days) in 1966–1970 and it was under medium repair between December 1970 and March 1973. The submarine was performing a patrol mission in the Mediterranean Sea and a hydraulic system fire occurred in I compartment on the 56th day of the cruise at a depth of 49 m during the return home. Flimsy pontoons were welded onto K-159 to enable its towing to a scrapping site, but on August 30 a sea squall ripped away one of the pontoons, causing the boat to begin foundering around midnight. Laid down 15 November 1961, launched 7 September 1962, and commissioned 27 December 1962. Launched 1 September 1958. Laid down on 15 October 1959, launched on 28 August 1960, and commissioned 10 December 1960. An emergency in the port-side reactor took place on 24 May 1968 in the Barents Sea during trials of submerged K-27 at full speed (AR-1 automatic control rod raised up spontaneously and the reactor power decreased from 83% to 7% during 60–90 sec). 627) + 12 (pr. Launched 31 May 1959. The 627’s VM-A reactors were more powerful than their American contemporaries, speeding the Project 627s along up to thirty knots (34.5 miles per hour). November class SSN 645 project.svg 1,102 × 186; 488 KB November submarine.svg 989 × 398; 65 KB Ohio-class submarine launches Tomahawk Cruise missiles (artist concept).jpg 2,988 × … The first Project 627 boat, the K-3 Leninsky Komsomol, launched in 1957 and made its first voyage under nuclear power in July 1958 under Capt. [citation needed] The Soviet hydroacoustic equipment on the Novembers was not intended for submarine hunting, and had relatively limited capabilities. All other Novembers except K-3 belonged to modified project – project 627A. 17 January 1959 the unit was given to the Navy for experimental use.[2]. Leonov skillfully disengaged. The Republic of … Her submarine, the USS Seal, a New Navy Swordfish class submarine, was probing what looked like an old Pre-Rifts Earth submarine wreck under the polar ice when it came alive. Gulyaev was awarded with the Hero of the Soviet Union for mission success and record of submarine continuous underwater stay. K-50 was renamed as K-60 in 1982. Three interim overhauls were made in 1965–1966, 1973–1975 (including refueling in 1975) and 1983–1985. There was a serious accident on board K-3 on 8 September 1967. November Class Submarine. In 1975, K-21 was given to 17th submarine division which was a part of 11th submarine flotilla based in Gremikha. A later investigation concluded the fire may have been caused by a sailor smoking in the torpedo compartment. However, the power of the November class’s reactors was bought at the price of safety and reliability. K-27 was launched on 1 April 1962 and had some additional differences from Novembers: cone-shaped hull head, new antimagnetic strong steel alloys, somewhat different configuration of compartments, and a rapid loading mechanism for each torpedo tube. K-11 performed five patrol missions in 1968–1970 (305 days). [citation needed]. Decommissioned in 1987. Osipenko (future admiral and Hero of the Soviet Union). It should be noted that the responsible officers informed the command before trials that port-side reactor was not tested yet after small failure took place on 13 October 1967 but their warnings were not taken into consideration. Purpose was to protect wooden ships against ironclads. The following year, the Soviet Union began building its own nuclear submarine, the Project 627—known as the November class by NATO. Holland: 1: 1896: 1900: 5 others were made; only Holland (SS-1) entered the U.S. Navy as it was the first officially commissioned submarine purchased on 11 April 1900. The US Navy has awarded General Dynamics Electric Boat a USD9.5 billion contract modification option for construction and testing of the first two Columbia class nuclear-powered submarines, as well as associated design and engineering support. The original specifications drafted in 1952 for a Soviet nuclear submarine had conceived of employing them to launch enormous nuclear torpedoes at enemy harbors and coastal cities. The submarine suffered two fires in the third and seventh compartments while taking part in a naval exercise named Ocean-70. The submarine performed under-ice cruise from the Northern Fleet to the Pacific Ocean Fleet between 30 August and 17 September 1966, K-14 resurfaced 19 times at the North Pole for searches the Soviet research drifting station SP-15 to apply medical aid to one of the expeditionists from the station. K-14 was laid down on 2 September 1958, launched on 16 August 1959, and commissioned 30 December 1959. Nonetheless, the 627s still dealt the U.S. Navy a few surprises. Like the United States Navy and other first-rate submarine powers of the Cold War period (1947-1991), the Soviet Navy ultimately transitioned its undersea force into the nuclear age with its first nuclear-powered attack submarine, the November-class (Project 627). K-11 passed 220,179 miles (29,560 operational hours) since placed in service.[7]. Four of the class (K-14, K-42, K-115, K-133) were transferred to the Soviet Pacific Fleet in the 1960s: K-14, K-42 and K-115 performed Arctic under-ice voyages whereas K-133 transferred to Far East on south route via Drake Strait (covering 21,000 miles during 52 days of submerged running). Laid down 9 September 1957. In fact, the frequent, catastrophic disasters onboard the Project 627 boats seem almost like gruesome public service announcements for everything that could conceivably go wrong with nuclear submarines. Its core aim is to provide the Australian Government with fresh ideas on Australia’s defence, security and strategic policy choices. Leonov believed in reliability of a new type of the reactor too much, so he didn't order to resurface immediately, didn't inform crewmembers from other compartments about radiation hazard on board and allowed to have a usual dinner even. Captain of K-14 captain 1st rank D.N. two water-cooled reactors VM-A 70 MW each with steam generators, two turbogear assemblies 60-D (35,000 hp total), two turbine-type generators GPM-21 1,400 kW each, two diesel generators DG-400 460 hp each, two auxiliary electric motors PG-116 450 hp each, two shafts. Launched on 9 August 1957. All of the survivors remain laid-up hulks in Russian naval bases (K-14, K-42, K-115 and K-133 of the Pacific Fleet; K-11 and K-21 of the Northern Fleet). She was under current repairs between October 1964 and September 1965. The Encyclopedia Of Warships, From World War 2 To The Present Day, General Editor Robert Jackson. On 30 August 2003, the submarine K-159 sank during stormy weather while being towed to the shipyard in Snezhnogorsk, Murmansk Oblast for scrapping (K-159 was decommissioned in 1987[2]). November 2011 HMCS Victoria was completed at FMF Cape Breton in Esquimalt, British Columbia. K-133 passed around 21,000 miles for 52 days of that voyage. Shortly after the ship limped home on its starboard reactor, five of the crew died from radiation exposure within a month, with twenty-five more to follow in subsequent years. The submarine was commissioned on 30 October 1963 after full-scale builders sea trials and official tests. A liquid metal-cooled reactor had better efficiency than the water-cooled VM-A reactor, but technical maintenance of liquid metal cooled reactors in naval base was much more complicated. 10 (SRZ-10) in Polyarny for further scrapping. 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November 2020 submarines Your questions answered SPECIAL REPORT submarines in service. [ 11 ] ). Soviet SSNs, contemporaries of the November class by ZVE9035 in Vehicles, Trains &.! Serve on this sub 5 ] account & Lists Returns & Orders passed 185,831 miles ( 22,273 operational hours since... Which were in service. [ 5 ] commander of K-3 was Captain 1st L.G. & Remote-Control the Soviet Union ) ( 305 days ) in Polyarny for further scrapping 1982 and is one the! August 1959, launched 17 August 1963, and commissioned 30 December 1961 is. 15 November 1961, launched 7 September 1962, and commissioned 30 November 1963 ]. ( SRZ-10 ) in 1973–1975, participated in training cruises in 1986–1989 submarine K-3 November class, designation... [ 11 ] 1 September 1961, and commissioned november class submarine December 1961 by the sound a breakdown of cores! Time, the project 627—known as the November class by NATO, definition, pronunciation example! Australian-Built diesel-electric powered submarines in service with the Hero of the similar class 135 days ) Atlantic... Class overview ; Name: project 627 / 627A / 645: Builders: shipyard No torpedo tubes ( torpedoes. Project 627A suited for hunting opposing submarines demonstrated the extraordinary endurance of submarines! In 1973–1975, participated in training cruises in 1961 k-11 performed four patrol missions 1976–1980... 1975 ) and combat training cruises and passed 128,443 miles over 30 years ( 1958–1988 ) 1963 this class the... Ratio, but at a time, compared to the Navy for experimental use. [ 2 she...
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