His final public address in St. Peter’s Square drew a crowd of more than 50,000. Later that year he addressed the first Catholic-Muslim Forum, a three-day conference of Catholic theologians and Islamic scholars hosted by the Vatican to promote improved understanding between the two religions. On February 28 he formally resigned, taking the title pope emeritus. For more than two decades, Ratzinger was the pope’s closest adviser. He turned to theological studies after the war, helping found the influential journal Communio. In 1941 he was compelled to join the Hitler Youth, and in 1943 he was drafted into the German military, serving in an antiaircraft unit in Bavaria before being sent to Hungary to set tank traps in 1945. He wrote 'The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism' in 1905. Benedict XVI served as pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 2005 to 2013. As prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the Vatican office responsible for preserving Catholic doctrine and evaluating according to canon law the warrant for disciplinary action against clergy, Ratzinger earned a reputation as a hard-liner. "Unemployment was rife," he wrote in his memoir, Milestones. Ratzinger was elevated to the papacy on April 19, 2005, upon the death of Pope John Paul II, and celebrated his Papal Inauguration Mass five days later. He was viewed as a reformer during this time. Dear Brothers and Sisters, The Word of God this Sunday the second to the last Sunday of the liturgical year invites us to be vigilant and hardworking, in the expectation of the Lord's return at the end of time. He was married to Marie Antoinette and was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793. He is best known for his rigid views on Catholicism and topics such as birth control and homosexuality. Glaube - Wahrheit - Toleranz. On a personal level, I wish him well. Ratzinger’s university years, however, brought about a transformation of his views. Find the perfect Pope Benedict Xvi stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Ratzinger was sent home and then called up again before deserting in late April 1945. In 2013 he became the first pope to resign since Gregory XII in 1415. Benedict served his final day as pope on February 28, 2013. The Pope is a unique celebrity. For years after his unexpected resignation, Pope Benedict live in silence in the Vatican. Quotations by Pope Benedict XVI, German Clergyman, Born April 16, 1927. His papacy faced several challenges, including the effects of the scandal beginning in the late 1990s surrounding the church’s handling of sexual abuse by priests. Elected Archbishop of Munich, 24 March 1977. After earning his teaching license in 1957, he taught dogma and theology at the higher school of philosophy and theology in Freising until 1959, later moving to the University of Bonn (1959–69) and also teaching at universities in Münster (1963–66) and—at the invitation of the theologian Hans Küng—Tübingen (1966–69). Ratzinger’s father was a policeman and his mother a hotel cook. Benedict XV was Pope from 1914-1922, so it's curious that the resignation came at the eight year mark of 2005-2013. Among them are Introduction to Christianity (1968); Called to Communion: Understanding the Church Today (1996); The Spirit of the Liturgy (2000); Jesus of Nazareth (2007); Jesus of Nazareth, Vol. In one statement, the pope explained, "I have come to the certainty that my strengths, due to an advanced age, are no longer suited to an adequate exercise." Benedict XVI shocked the world in February when he became the first pope to resign in almost 600 years. But he could not avoid the realities of the day. The Facts About “Pope Benedict XVI” – Joseph Alois Ratzinger What You Need To Know About the Man who Claimed to be the Pope from 2005-2013 "Benedict XVI" On April 19, 2005, the German "cardinal" Fr. He said that cultural and historical change had led … He is best known for his rigid views on Catholicism and topics such as birth control and homosexuality. AKA Joseph Alois Ratzinger. In a pastoral letter, Benedict rebuked the bishops of the Irish church for a failure of leadership. One of the more progressive figures at the council, Ratzinger opposed those who hoped to limit reform. Remembering Pope Benedict XVI's resignation, six years later – ENN 2019-02-28 Pope Benedict XVI shocked the world by retiring six years ago today. Erwin Rommel was one of German's most popular generals during World War II, however, after he was implicated in a plot to overthrow Hitler, Rommel took his life in 1944. Joseph Ratzinger was elected "Pope" Benedict XVI. The pope bids a final farewell to a crowd outside the Vatican, leaves for papel summer residence in Castel Gandolfo. Last Testament: In His Own Words. As a defense against the Nazi regime, Ratzinger threw himself into the Roman Catholic Church, "a citadel of truth and righteousness against the realm of atheism and deceit," he wrote. 2005; 2006; 2007; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011; 2012; 2013; Apostolic Constitutions He will continue to be known as Benedict XVI in his retirement and has been given the title of pope emeritus. Angelus. Or should I say, the Pope is the Catholic. His father was a determined anti-Nazi, Ratzinger wrote. He deserted in April of that year and was captured by American forces and held prisoner for a brief period. Traveling by helicopter, he departed the Vatican for the summer papal residence in Castel Gandolfo, Italy. He is the first pope from the Americas. Ratzinger defended and reaffirmed Catholic doctrine, including teaching on topics such as birth control, homosexuality and inter-religious dialogue. Heinrich Himmler was the commander of Adolf Hitler's Schutzstaffel, and later of the Gestapo in Nazi Germany. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? He also overturned John Paul’s reform of the papal election process and restored the traditional practice when he declared that the election of a new pope requires a two-thirds majority of the cardinals attending the conclave. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Ratzinger became a professor at the University of Bonn in 1959. In February 2013, Benedict XVI resigned from his position as pope. The Vatican also denounced as “false and calumnious” the charge that as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Benedict had been responsible for a policy of covering up cases of sexual abuse, declaring that his handling of the cases showed “wisdom and firmness.”. Pope Benedict XVI. Benedict has written a total of 66 books. Benedict XVI leaving the balcony of Castel Gandolfo after giving his final benediction before retiring from the papacy, 2013. © 2020 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Pope decides against allowing married men to become priests. The Vatican also denounced the charge that, as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Benedict had been responsible for the Vatican's policy of covering up cases of sexual abuse, declaring that his handling of the cases showed “wisdom and firmness.”. Dirk Benedict is an actor best known for his roles on 'The A-Team' and 'Battlestar Galactica.'. His family moved frequently among villages in rural Bavaria, a deeply Roman Catholic region in Germany, as the Nazis strengthened their stranglehold on Germany in the 1930s. Benedict XVI, original name Joseph Alois Ratzinger, (born April 16, 1927, Marktl am Inn, Germany), bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church (2005–13). In 1998, he became vice dean of the College of Cardinals and was elected dean in 2002. For more than a quarter of a century, Peter Seewald (1954) has accompanied Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI, the first pope emeritus in centuries. 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