This statistic is not included in your account. [11] and Wei et al. Steven W. Mosher. Q. Li, Harm and breaking path of the administrative monopoly for tolling road, Highway, vol. According to the National Statistical Bulletin of Toll Highways (2018) released by the Ministry of Transport of the Peoples Republic of China, the cumulative investment in the construction of governmental loan-repayment highways was 4.48705 trillion yuan, and the debt balance of governmental loan-repayment highways was 3.05361 trillion yuan by the end of 2018. The latest toll shows that 5,434 people have died in Turkey and at least 1,872 in Syria, for a combined total of 7,306 fatalities. 7, pp. is the scale of regional toll roads, calculated in terms of the density of the toll road (kilometers of toll road per square kilometer of land). 3342, 2010. 198, no. With further decomposition of EC, the Scale Efficiency Change Index (SEC) is 1.0460 while the Pure Technical Efficiency Change Index (PTEC) is only 1.1638. C. F. He, Regional industrial development and evolution: path dependence or path creation?, Geographical Research, vol. 6, pp. Register in seconds and access exclusive features. The most famous case is the Indiana Toll [4] thought that the poor operational efficiency is the main problem of the supply side of toll highway industry, and the development of toll highways should be transformed from scale expansion to quality and efficiency improvement. H. C. Xu, Y. Wang, and R. N. Jia, Research on efficiency of toll road dual-track operation system based on three stage DEA and tobit regression model, China Journal of Highway and Transport, vol. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Vintage Standard Oil Map Toll Roads Ill Ind Ohio Penn NY NJ N Eng 1960's . For the measurement of toll road operating efficiency, the more mature DEA series algorithm is proposed to consider the technological advancement or degradation leading to movement of the production frontier. Over the years, nonprofit highway authorities have been restructured as enterprise groups, and regional transportation authorities have roughly developed two operation management systems for provincial governmental loan-repayment highways. "Distribution of Toll Road Mileage in China as of 2020, by Road Type. The Chinese government's ownership of WebBy 1956, most limited-access highways in the eastern United States were toll roads. We believe a failure to extend or replace these concessions will erode operators' business strength. The institutionalized administrative monopoly is not only the critical factor in the institutional environment of the toll highway sector but also primarily accounts for the economic performance, enterprise behaviors, market structure, and property structure of the toll highway sector. Hence, the debt risk is emerging. 1, pp. Private toll roads have a long history in the United States and Europe. 
06, pp. Many researchers contend that the management system of the infrastructure sector should be reformed by taking the paths of competitive intervention, privatization of public sectors, and diversification of public investors [5254]. May 29, 2021. Across different parameter estimation and statistical inference methods, the estimated values and significance levels of the main parameters are approximated to each other. In the next five to 10 years these concessions will expire--many of them on top-quality franchise highways. In China, there is a special economic relationship between the central government and the local governments. 13, no. D. W. Jia, Research on the Influence of Forestry Labor on Farmers Technical Efficiency of Forest Management-Based on the Survey of Zhejiang Province, Zhe Jiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Beijing, China, 2019. 53, no. China's toll roads have stacked up a debt pile of 4.45 trillion yuan ($666.96 billion), with almost 80 percent of their annual income last year going to repay loans, the Rong [31] systematically analyzed the form of administrative monopoly in the railway industry after a series of reforms, the impact on transport efficiency and operation cost, and the regulations under the existing legal framework [31]. The nonparametric method is represented by data envelopment analysis (DEA). 5768, 2014. H. C. Xu, X. Wei, B. Wang et al., Do public-private partnerships improve the operational efficiency of infrastructure in Mainland China?, Advances in Civil Engineering, vol. The seven toll segments are Tangerang-merak, Cikopo-Palimanan, Jombang-Mojokerto, Surabaya-Mojokerto, Semarang -Solo, Kunciran-Serpng, and Kebon Jeruk-Ulujami (JORR I W2N toll road). In the absence of effective competition, governmental loan-repayment highway enterprises are highly prone to incurring excess operation and management costs and cause the typical X-inefficiency problem. By the end of 2018, Chinas toll highways extended for a cumulative distance of 168,100km, including 93,300km of governmental loan-repayment highways, accounting for 55.5% of all toll highways in the country. 1, pp. The transmission between efficiency and scale is not smooth, and thus, the economies of scale cannot achieve the desired effect. Compared with the results of columns (II) and (IV) of Table 4, the results of Equations (II) and (IV) in Table 6 show that high toll highway density has a positive effect, instead of a nonsignificant effect, on the scale efficiency of the toll highway sector. 120-121, 2013. F. F. N. Van Hulten, Probing the Limits of the Economic Basement in Northwest Europe, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, International Conference and Exhibition, London, UK, 2005. Therefore, no significant scale effect has emerged in the toll highway sector over a long period. Therefore, the transformation from scale and monopoly into operational efficiency may encounter obstacles, resulting in the operational inefficiency of the whole sector. 8, pp. The concession expiry clock is ticking for China's listed highway operators. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 327, no. Average operating efficiency and index decomposition of toll roads in 29 provinces (with 2010 as the base period). But the highway has left Jamaica with a $730-million debt to China. The single property right structure under the control of the state-owned government repayment roads severely constrains the resource allocation role of the market mechanism and provides objective conditions for the formation of an excessive administrative monopoly. 59, pp. In China, 95.45% of highways are built on a user-paid basis. Each utilizes different billing practices and different billing cycles. Y. Pu and H. F. Wang, Effect mechanism of ownership structure on technical efficiency of agricultural listed company, Technology Economics, vol. Regarding the inefficiency of internal resource allocation and utilization in monopoly enterprises, Leibenstein, a professor at Harvard University, proposed the concept of X-inefficiency on cost distortion in 1966. R. Z. Pang, B. L. Liu, and T. Wang, Location, enterprise scale, ownership structure and cost efficiency: an empirical study based on 19 listed expressway enterprises in China, Journal of Central University of Finance & Economics, vol. [14], Yang et al. The revenue equivalent to about 13 million U.S. dollars was recorded from the 76-km Addis Ababa-Adama toll expressway and the 220-km Dire Dawa-Dewele L. Chen and W. P. Zhu, The economic performance of regional administrative monopoly: an empirical research based on instrumental variable method, Comparative Economic & Social Systems, vol. Moreover, the unique operational organization of the toll road industry with a strong administrative monopoly power is the key to the above problems. P. R. Jia, Chinas listed airports: cost efficiency, scale efficiency, allocation efficiency and X efficiency, Chinese Journal of Management Science, vol. There were to be at least US$1.1 billion worth of new and refurbished toll roads: two connected segments in the Katanga region and another from Kinshasa to the countrys main port of Matadi. 11711190, 2020. Therefore, to continue improving the economic performance of the toll road industry, it is necessary to govern an excessive administrative monopoly by bringing out the effect of the economies of scale and overall improve the toll road industrys economic performance. China Railway initially owned SGR in a joint venture with the Kabila family investment firm, which took full control in April 2015, records show. 4953, 2010. In recent studies, the estimated administrative monopoly degree of toll road industry is about 88.64% [47] or 81.8% [37], and the rent dissipation degree of government loan-repayment highways caused by administrative monopoly is about 63.5% [48]. Social capital is financed, constructed, and operated under the governments franchise system, breaking administrative monopoly in the form of publicprivate cooperation. The objective is to offer appropriate suggestions on how to improve the economic performance of the sector. 18, no. 308, no. Geographical Location. 34, pp. 11, no. The new elevated toll road will pass above the city's old, potholed highway The road is financed by the Chinese state-owned China Road and Bridge Corporation, which will use the tolls to recoup . Evidently, the inherent administrative monopoly in the toll highway sector, if controlled to an appropriate extent, can promote the development of the sector. The administrative monopoly in the toll highway sector, which manifests itself through one authority for one province or one group company in one province, has caused various problems. Using the globally referenced data envelopment analysis- (DEA-) Malmquist Index, this study first measures the operational efficiency of Chinas toll highway sector from 2010 to 2017. 8186, 2012. WebThis report draws on extensive review, examination, and international experience to explore five key areas that impact corporatization and privatization policy: the separation of Chart. 4, pp. Therefore, the suggestion is to actively pilot a 2-level operating and management mode of branch office-toll station and explore the management mode of large administrative regional branch company-management office-toll station. Adopting the operational model innovation by lowering the cost and increasing efficiency will lead to operational management intensification and help in achieving the goal of realizing industry operational efficiency with economies of scale. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. Table 6 lists the parameter estimation results of equation (6) when the ratio of general budget expenditure in local public finance to regional gross domestic product is used as the proxy variable of administrative monopoly. Toll highways emerged in China in the late 1980s. In addition, in terms of the source of construction funds (particularly capital funds), governmental loan-repayment highways are obviously different from operating highways. Included are current and future high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, express toll (ETL) lanes, and hybrid systems. The administrative monopoly is a scarce institutional resource. 1, pp. You only have access to basic statistics. Excessive administrative monopoly is the reason that the increase of scale cannot improve the efficiency of the toll road industry. April 1, 2023 8:00am. By. Dai et al. By end-2010, China had 65,055km of expressways. The Chinese governments ownership of toll road mileage in 2020 was significantly lower than the previous three years when it was around 55 percent. 34, no. 3951, 2013. It was a landmark event in the history of American roads. Knowing which agency operates which toll roads will help you navigate the billing process. China Railway initially owned SGR in a joint venture with the Kabila family investment firm, which took full control in April 2015, records show. Xu et al. The Malmquist model of the global reference proposed by Pastor and Lovell [69] is a Malmquist index calculation method. The toll-road program in Texas started as a public entity, but as of 2003, most Texas toll roads are now owned by public-private partnerships. Free shipping for many products! The results of the robustness test show that we can still obtain parameter estimation results that are highly consistent with those based on the reference after toll highway density (a proxy variable) is replaced. 333, no. Q. L. Wang, Y. R. Zheng, Z. Y. Qiu, and X. P. Li, Appropriate degree of paternalism in state-owned economy of toll road industry, Economic Problems, vol. The story behind this is Column (II) reports the impact of toll road density on scale efficiency of toll road industry (). X. L. You and S. H. Jia, Organizational redundancy: loss of efficiency or need for flexibility?, South China Journal of Economics, vol. The annual compound growth rates of toll roads in the western and northeastern provinces are 0.24% and 7.34%, respectively (the corresponding mileage indices are 1.0024 and 1.0734, respectively), while the annual compound growth rates of the scale efficiency index are 0.99% and 1.62% (corresponding to the SEC index of 0.9901 and 0.9838, respectively). Li et al. Z. Dan, Research on the Reform of Comprehensive Transportation Management System in Shaanxi Province, Changan University, Beijing, China, 2018. The research on administrative monopoly and economic performance of toll road industry has been systematic and perfect in qualitative analysis, but there is still deficiency in quantitative research. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). X. Wei, H. C. Xu, B. Q. Zhang, and J. L. Li, Infrastructure operation efficiency and influential factors in developing countries: evidence from China, Sustainability, vol. 4, pp. The administrative monopoly is found to increase the debt burden of the toll highway sector and to have a negative impact on the long-term sustainability of the sector. 310, no. Li [61] investigated the existing highway management system of Jilin Province and offered specific optimization suggestions. 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