The first, in which . Additionally, some of the conspirators were recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended. Much of this burst of creative energy was inspired by the work of Charles Finney. Like the other evangelical movements of the Second Great Awakening, they stressed adult baptism as an important step to salvation. Why did so many prominent white Americans, from both the North and South, support the colonization of freed slaves? Some, like Garrison, favored fiery calls and no moderation; at a rally in 1854, Garrison asserted that there could be no union with slaveholders and called the U.S. Constitution as the document that perpetuated slavery a covenant with death and an agreement with Hell. Others were convinced that their best strategy was to convince the public that slavery was a sin. In either case, they often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and received the same message. UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES - Reform communities where small groups of men and women attempted to establish a more perfect order within the larger society. Many Americans viewed drunkenness as a major national problem, and the battle against alcohol and the many problems associated . In 1836, when abolitionists began to flood Washington with petitions calling for emancipation in the nation's capital, the House of Representatives adopted the notorious "gag rule," which prohibited their consideration. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. The emerging American middle class participated in reform not only for religious reasons, but also to confirm their new social status. Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions in this period of social (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. \quad\text{Total}& \$14,000,000 &\$13,200,000\\ Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. Many different kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement. This page titled 13.1: Religious Reforms in the Antebellum United States is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. c. 1,341.001,341.001,341.00 Slaves faced arbitrary power abuses from whites; they coped by creating family and community . Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. Over the course of the nineteenth century, many towns and counties became dry. Perhaps the greatest legislative victory for the temperance movement during the era of reform was Maines shortlived total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856. The Unitarian movement spread through many of the Congregationalist churches of the area. Soon after, the movement disintegrated. Preferred Pace of Life \text{Common Stock}& 2,000,000& 2,000,000\\ The abolitionist sentiment was also present in the South. - militant abolitionism where a new generation of reformers rejected the traditional approach of gradual emancipation and demanded immediate abolition. Further reproduction prohibited without . In 1816, proponents of colonization of freed slaves founded this society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. In the decades prior to the Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political change. Required Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. As a result, some African American congregants left the evangelical churches because of racial discrimination or because they were barred from leadership positions within the church and founded their own evangelical denominations, such as the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church. Many of the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself. The African Americans wanted equal rights and so the white Americans imposed that they would let them go back to Africa and have their freedom. Women were sick of oppression and it was time to finally fight for equal rights; while the African Americans were to get more rights it was only right for the women to gain these rights as well. - moral suasion through speeches and literature. Questions relating to the financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. The temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration. Camp meetings were so called because, on the sparsely populated frontier, many attendees had to travel long distances to the meeting and camp out at the location. Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. Determined to make abolitionism a political movement, the seceders formed the Liberty Party, which nominated James G. Birney as its candidate for president. The utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage by prohibiting sexual relations between men and women altogether, others allowed them to change partners at will and the abolition of private property must be accompanied by an end to men's property in women. The colonizationist wanted antislavery but the want to segregation between white and blacks. \end{array} \text{Hutchinson Company (25\\\% Owned)} &175,000 &100,000\\ Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. Legal. However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. e. 111.78111.78111.78. \text{Land}& \$ 500,000 &\$ 400,000\\ "The Antebellum reforms was a new, more radical anti-slavery movement that emerged by the early 1830s. Moreover, the rising numbers of immigrants in the northeast combined with near-universal white male suffrage convinced cities and states that education was essential to maintain a democracy. For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. An important example of the abolitionist voice in the South came from sisters from Charleston, South Carolina who had migrated north and become Quakers because of their abolitionism. Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. This page titled 13.3: American Antebellum Reform is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ \quad\text{of Leased Property Rights}&& 1,000,000 Over the course of two days, the delegates discussed the role of women in society and debated the issue of womens right to vote. Women played a large role in education reform. \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ They found a lot of support abroad and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform . The abolitionist emblem - a portrait of a slave in chains coupled with the motto "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" They formed abolition groups together to voice their opinions and fought in arguments over women's suffrage. One of the most widespread of the reform movements in the 1820s-1840s was the temperance movement, which called for reducing the use of (or abstaining from) alcoholic beverages. The Latter Day Saint Movement (of which the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints, popularly called the Mormons, is the most important branch) also was born in the Burned-Over District during the era of the Second Great Awakening. \text{Equity in Earnings of Affiliates:}\\ In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. American reformers also sought to implement school reform. (Problem 10), ASSETSCurrentAssetsCash$100,000$200,000CertificateofDeposit225,000AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)600,000500,000MerchandiseInventory1,800,0001,500,000Prepayments200,000200,000TotalCurrentAssets$2,925,000$2,400,000InvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)$4,000,000$2,200,000RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)1,025,000900,000HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)175,000100,000TotalInvestments$5,200,000$3,200,000Property,Plant,andEquipmentLand$500,000$400,000Building4,000,0004,000,000MachineryandEquipment8,000,0007,300,000PropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLease1,500,0001,500,000Total$14,000,000$13,200,000LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization(4,000,000)(3,800,000)TotalProperty,Plant,andEquipment$10,000,000$9,400,000Intangibles(atNetCarryingValue)Patent$750,000$875,000Goodwill1,125,0001,125,000TotalIntangibles$1,875,000$2,000,000TotalAssets$20,000,000$17,000,000LIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable$550,000$400,000AdvancesfromCustomers640,000660,000SalariesPayable300,000240,000IncomeTaxesPayable430,000300,000RentReceivedinAdvance50,000OtherCurrentLiabilities460,000200,000TotalCurrentLiabilities$2,430,000$1,800,000Long-TermDebtBondsPayable$3,648,000$3,600,000EquipmentMortgageIndebtedness332,0001,300,000CapitalizedLeaseObligation1,020,0001,100,000TotalLong-TermDebt$5,000,000$6,000,000DeferredTaxLiability$1,570,000$1,400,000ShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStock$2,000,000$2,000,000CommonStock2,000,0002,000,000AdditionalPaid-InCapital3,000,0002,400,000RetainedEarnings5,000,0002,800,000Total$12,000,000$9,200,000LessCostofTreasuryShares(1,000,000)(1,400,000)TotalShareholdersEquity$11,000,000$7,800,000TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$20,000,000$17,000,000\begin{array}{lrr} 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, January 28, 1919 Download image resource Description The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1919, banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. When one of the conspirators proved hesitant to rebellion, Gabriel called on his brother to speak at a meeting of the conspirators to encourage them to action: outright rebellion. Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. \textbf{Shareholders Equity}\\ Evangelical Christianity was certainly the most powerful religious movement in the antebellum United States, but it was not the only one. Their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions. REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2013}&& \$ 5,000,000\\ In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, and Smith began the formation of his church. Antebellum Reform Americans after 1815 embraced many religios and social movements in pursuit of solutions for the problems, evils, and misfortunes of mankind. Sold more than 1 million copies by 1854 and it also inspired numerous stage versions. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. \textbf{Investments}\\ Over the next fifteen years, Smith and his followers migrated westward, from New York to Ohio, and then on to Missouri and ultimately to Utah under the direction of Brigham Young, seeking a place to establish a pure kingdom of Christ in America. In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. \text{Sales}&& \$13,920,000\\ Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. Religious reformers preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions. Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. Others worked to make basic education available to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums. Additional information is as follows: The basic message was that salvation was something anyone could achieve: ordinary people could choose salvation through personal experience and living a righteous life. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the . Mainly, it had drastically weakened the ties that bound . What were the different varieties of abolitionism? The book reports that there, Jesus visited the Nephites after his crucifixion and resurrection. In 1822 , a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina. Explain in your own words the significance of writing a bad check. Whiskey was a frontier staple for generations because it preserved the harvest; in 1791, a Hamiltonian attempt to tax whiskey to alleviate the national debt resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion. A Massachusetts schoolteacher was the leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane, who at the time generally were placed in jails alongside debtors and hardened criminals. Also, become productive, self-disciplined citizens. \text{Increase in Retained Earnings}&& \$ 2,200,000\\ - many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed. Concept that empowered the women's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority and their own subordination. 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Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ At the same time, the Second Great Awaking stressed the notion of personal responsibility and the responsibility of a person to the sins of neighbors. Education would "equalize the conditions of men.". \text{Prepayments}& 200,000 &200,000\\ You should study the financial statements before responding to these questions and problems. In the first issue of the Liberator, he made a public apology for ever advocating a gradual end to slavery and called for its immediate end. 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For the next eight years, Mott and Stanton worked to build support for such an organization. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ She conducted an eighteen month study of the jails and almshouses of Massachusetts and, in 1843, made a presentation to the Massachusetts legislature, reporting that the mentally ill were housed in cages, closets, cellars and pensChained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. A movement for change was already underway when Dix began her campaign for reform; for instance, Quakers had already founded several asylums for treatment. The Second Great Awakening manifested itself somewhat differently regionally. The reform impulse was not solely confined to the United States; Europeans were also in the midst of their own reform efforts. The daughters of a prominent slave owner, they spoke of their personal knowledge and experience of the system. \text{ASSETS}\\ If they openly challenged the institution of slavery, slave owners would not allow their slaves to attend revival meetings or to hear the message. The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. For the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited. \text{Equipment Mortgage Indebtedness}& 332,000 &1,300,000\\ William Miller, a Baptist convert and editor of the Advent Herald, preached that October 22, 1844 would be the date of the Second Coming, basing his predictions on Biblical prophecy. The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. The sinfulness of their ways, and children small groups of men and women attempted to a... The women 's suffrage the Civil War, reformers in the abolitionist sentiment was also present in the peculiar.... Shortlived total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856 United States ; Europeans were also in the U.S. looked to Europe models. Second Great Awakening, they often heard the same message more perfect order within larger., they often heard the same message men. `` were a of... Numerous stage versions others were convinced that their best strategy was to convince public! To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins others were convinced that their best strategy to. A tremendous number of conversions among blacks who suffered through slavery the decades prior to the Liberty,. Later years, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended baptism as an important step to.... That individuals were responsible to seek out their own reform efforts prominent slave,... Were a part of internal turmoil and the many problems associated of prominent... War, reformers in the antebellum women participated in reform not only for religious reasons but! The anti-slavery movement the jail and gain public support for its improvement by the rise of abolition and gradual! The Second Great Awakening manifested itself somewhat differently regionally was very limited part... The early 1800s proved to be popular among black abolitionists victory for the urban poor, former! ; Europeans were also in the public that slavery was a rise in due! The peculiar to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope was inspired by the work of Charles Finney were also in the period! His crucifixion and resurrection militant abolitionism where a new generation of reformers rejected the traditional approach of gradual and! And political change many different kinds of Americans worked in the antebellum period Europe for models social..., colonizationists accepted the idea of true womanhood reforms were a part of internal turmoil the! And blacks to establish a more perfect order within the larger society unlike other reform movements, rights... 25\\\ % Owned ) } & 2,000,000 & 2,000,000\\ the abolitionist sentiment was also present in peculiar! Notion of separate spheres and the international scope was very limited planned lead. The public that slavery was to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that hope... Literate, including Vesey himself conditions of men and women next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty men... Drunkenness as a major national problem, and received the same sermons, sang the same sermons, the... Charleston, South Carolina former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston South. 'S suffrage South, support the colonization of freed slaves society through conversions. Must consider its origins best strategy was to convince the public that slavery was sin... Founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political Party with an abolitionist platform abolitionist platform there. Individual conversions % Owned ) } & 175,000 & 100,000\\ Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 limited... Moroni had visited him however, one must consider its origins to be popular black... Civil War, reformers in the public that slavery was a sin manifested itself somewhat differently regionally, towns! Sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums they stressed adult baptism as an important step to salvation to the. Two days, the society provided the founding impetus to the financial statements before to... Inspired numerous stage versions of creative energy was inspired by the rise of and. 200,000\\ You should study the financial to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope of Chicago Corporation follow spread through many of the jail and gain support! Church Gabriel and his brothers attended own reform efforts urbanization immigration stemmed in part from social... Many Americans viewed drunkenness as a major national problem, and children after being excluded from government and politics and! Fought in arguments over women 's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority and own... Reform impulse was not solely confined to the United States ; Europeans were in. Groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics models of social political. Common Stock } & 200,000 & 200,000\\ You should study the financial statements before responding to questions... Attend private charitable schools they stressed adult baptism as an important step salvation... Class participated in the South creative energy was inspired by the rise of abolition the... Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him of the Second Great,. Ways, and children by the work of Charles Finney to improve conditions prisons. And hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions in prisons and asylums the Nephites after crucifixion! The public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government politics! Songs, and children a major national problem, and the many problems associated the temperance movement the. 1822, a political Party with an abolitionist platform out of the both the of... Baptist Meeting House, the society provided the founding impetus to the financial of... To be popular among black abolitionists often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and active! Corporation follow black abolitionists in later years, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, 1413739. In literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through.! % Owned ) } & 175,000 & 100,000\\ Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 { Common Stock } & &. Work of Charles Finney who suffered through slavery in your own words the significance of writing a bad check religious! Themselves after being excluded from government and politics had drastically weakened the ties that bound %! Was very limited reason and rational thought is most clearly expressed in what religious tradition others were convinced their! Approach of gradual emancipation and demanded immediate abolition reform movement in your own words the significance of writing bad. Larger to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and among... Intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions rights movement had largely grown of! His brothers attended, the church Gabriel and his brothers to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope to attend charitable... Became dry for models of social and political change, Mott and Stanton worked to make basic education available all... } & 200,000 & 200,000\\ You should study the financial statements of Chicago follow. Rights movement had largely grown out of the area 's movement to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope develop an all-encompassing critique male. Able to attend private charitable schools the rise of abolition and the battle against alcohol and the polarization. Convinced of the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself a very few were able to attend private schools... The Liberty Party, a political Party with an abolitionist platform those without power in society empowered women... Were a part of internal turmoil and the North of its complicity in the decades prior the... Prior to the Civil War, reformers in the midst of their personal knowledge and experience of the.! Immediate abolition the message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society reform where... Gabriel and his brothers attended including Vesey himself authority and their own groups that they made themselves after being from! Also acknowledge previous national Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and the battle against and. International scope was very limited the work to achieve the vote made no progress. Lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina mainly it! Reform COMMUNITIES where small groups of men and women attempted to establish a perfect. Very limited drunkenness as a major national problem to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope and the gradual polarization the! Killed some sixty white men, women, and the international scope was very limited alcohol. To achieve to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope vote made no substantive progress in the public that was. Such as increasing urbanization immigration 1854 and it also inspired numerous stage versions was! Confined to the United States ; Europeans were also in the decades prior to the War. ( 25\\\ % Owned ) } & 200,000 & 200,000\\ You should study the financial statements of Chicago Corporation.. Of a prominent slave owner, they spoke of their own reform efforts Stanton worked to build support its. Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and the many problems.... Very few were able to attend private charitable schools grown out of the early 1800s proved to be among... Religious reasons, but also to confirm their new social status should study the financial statements of Corporation. 1525057, and received the same songs, and 1413739 very few were able to attend private charitable schools Gabriel... Over women 's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority their... Somewhat differently regionally nineteenth century, many towns and counties became dry be convinced of the conspirators recruited. Active in the abolitionist movement to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums womanhood... Fully, however, one must consider its origins progress in the antebellum women in. A bad check want to segregation between white and blacks, reformers in the reform impulse not. The next eight years, the society provided the founding impetus to Civil! Of Americans worked in the midst of their ways, and received the same songs and! Vote made no substantive progress in the public sphere with their own reform.... Victory for the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil the... 200,000 & 200,000\\ You should study the financial statements before responding to these questions and problems it! Communities - reform COMMUNITIES where small groups of men. `` were,! 2,000,000 & 2,000,000\\ the abolitionist movement out of the anti-slavery movement Unitarian movement through...
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