All repeatability tests indicated the same results when conducted three times. synthesized the polymer CCP and conducted data analysis. codeine dosage for treating cough is 2030 mg). the snakes contain cholic acid but not deoxycholic acid or lithocholic under the same laboratory conditions by the same tester in line herbal medicine Zaocys dhumnades currently, but all of them We developed a kind of Zaocys dhumnades DNA test kit and its indexes including specificity, sensitivity and stability were evaluated and compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Conclusion: Herpetology of China. Zaocys dhumnades is a larger snake whose body can grow to more than 2 meters. General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island [part 1]. 17 (2014). as a powder or a liquid; only the powder is imported to the West. Proc. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. -, Gnther, A. : 201505250); the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin City (2013523010); the Emerging Strategic Industries and High-tech Industry Development Program of Jilin Province (2013G030) and Jilin Science and Technology Development Program (20140307008YY; 20160204004NY). Relieving joint pain and muscle pain caused by wind-cold dampness, and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis. volume5, Articlenumber:16260 (2015) Zaocys is commonly used with Bai Hua She, Qiang Huo, and Jing Jie. Pungent, sweet, mild, liver meridians entered. Acta Pharm Sin. The snakes of China [in Chinese]. Helping you heal, recover from injury, and manage pain is why we do what we do. Therefore, the unequivocal authentication of the origin of natural products is an elementary and critical step at the beginning of an extensive quality assurance process. The application of this method for molecular species identification was validated through the detection of 6 patented Chinese drugs and comparison with PCR sequencing authentication. 600 A.D.), . . Prior to the fluorescence measurement, 2.5L of 10SAP buffer (NEB, China) and 2L of shrimp alkaline phosphatase (0.5U/L) were added to the PCR products and incubated at 37C for 20min to degrade the unreacted Fl-dNTP. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Ther. (P e), W Liu, L Tan, Y Huang, W C Li, Y S Liu, L C Yang or opacities, sore throat, and hemorrhoids. Lo, Y. T., Li, M. & Shaw, P. C. Identification of constituent herbs in ginseng decoctions by DNA markers. dosage is just 300600 mg at a time, 23 times per day. (a) Emission spectra from solutions containing PFP, B. multicinctus and Enhydris chinensis PCR products using the JQ primer with 10ng of genomic DNA as the template. Therefore, this kit can be Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. A simple and effective method to discern the true commercial Chinese cordyceps from counterfeits, On-chip-based electrochemical biosensor for the sensitive and label-free detection of Cryptosporidium, Novel DNA Biosensor for Direct Determination of Carrageenan, A PCR-lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (PCR-LFA) for detecting Aristolochia species, the plants responsible for aristolochic acid nephropathy, Carbon nanoparticles with oligonucleotide probes for a label-free sensitive antibiotic residues detection based on competitive analysis, Portable on-chip colorimetric biosensing platform integrated with a smartphone for label/PCR-free detection of Cryptosporidium RNA, Quality control of the traditional Chinese medicine Ruyi jinhuang powder based on high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR, A novel nucleic acid extraction method from aromatic herbs and dried herbal powders using cow skim milk, A prototype device of microliter volume voltammetric pH sensor based on carbazolequinone redox-probe tethered MWCNT modified three-in-one screen-printed electrode, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Weigh Biomaterials by Quantifying Species-specific DNA with Real-time PCR, Cancel Bioelectron. Development and evaluation of a PCR-based assay kit for authentication of Zaocys dhumnades in traditional Chinese medicine. The dosage of Wu Shao She should be controlled at 9-12g. Three medicinal snake materials (Deinagkistrodon acutus, Zaocys dhumnades and Bungarus multicinctus; a total of 35 specimens) and 48 snake specimens with similar morphologies and textures were clearly distinguished by the naked eye by utilizing a CCP-based assay in a high-throughput manner. Mater. Epub 2013 Jan 18. PMC it to be identified. 2009. Project Development Finance Project of Jilin province By triggering the FRET between PFP and fluorescein, it is possible to homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes based on color change. Snake skin is also After poisoning, it can cause stiffness, decreased activity, respiratory depression, cyanosis, and even death. Chinas total production of Internationales Symposium fr Vivaristik 1995., Mensch-Tier-Umwelt in Lindabrunn (N) Dokumentation: 24-34, Lazell,J.D., Keirans,J.E. These formulas Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Y.J. Tian-Tian Zuo, Hong-Yu Jin, An-Zhen Chen, Lei Zhang, Shuai Kang, An-Ping Li, Fei Gao, Feng Wei, Jian-Dong Yu, Qi Wang, Jian-Bo Yang, Shuang-Cheng Ma Med. Jour., Canton, 8 [1929]: 199-219. conducted experiments, data analysis and wrote the paper. and JavaScript. with that of the positive samples, but there was no band in the You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. 12, 941947 (1998). snake tested, Hydrophis cyanocinctus (a Abstract. An official website of the United States government. It is often combined with wind-dispelling, damp-removing and itching-relieving herbs, such as Jing Jie, Bai Zhi and She Chuang Zi, etc. pythons and pit vipers. officials, the U.S. Wildlife Department has restricted import of all snake are intuitive and easy to judge. Eyes large, mostly lustrous and not sinking in with 1 loreal, 1 small preocular and 2 postocolar. provide rich information, but the spectrum analysis requires Life 22, 166168 (2003). Simple and sensitive method for detecting point mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor using cationic conjugated polymers. Sterling Publ. [WorldCat.org] On the basis of the Zhao,E. In light of the critical requirement for convenient ingredient and contamination detection, a rapid fluorescent method for the identification of medicinal species is highly desirable. The slough Biodivers. Inter. ##Title## 249, 417422 (2012). Storage : Preserve in a dry place. Dosage : 2 to 3 g to be made into decoction, or 0.3 to 0.6 g to be ground into powder for oral administration. Zaocys dhumnades is the dried bulk of Am Family animals Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor). Would you like email updates of new search results? In situation A, with the authentic B. multicinctus DNA containing the target template fragment and the B. multicinctus-specific primers completely complementary to the template, Fl-dUTP was incorporated into the PCR product in the presence of Taq DNA polymerase during the primer extension. government site. China gives a dosage of agkistrodon for decoction at 39 grams, but for For the fluorescence detection based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) ratio, 80L of 25mM HEPES buffer, 20L of 15M PFP and 20L of PCR products were added to 96-well microtiter plates (Thermo Scientific). Specific Name : Pericarpium serpentis Tang, X. J. et al. Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Cheng, Y. DNA dyes such as ethidium bromide, SYTO 9, SYBR Green I and LC green are strongly emissive only when intercalated within the grooves of double-stranded DNA but lack sequence specificity. Med. The first is fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide detection, e.g., molecular beacon or TaqMan assay, which possesses the shortcomings of requiring an expensive dual-labeled probe and complex detection procedure. Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Dispel wind-damp, unblock collaterals, stop convulsions, dispel wind to relieve itching. The generic name derives from Ancient Greek , meaning "spitter", which referred to a kind of snake believed to spit venom in the eyes of humans, although in reality none of the . Black Stripe Snake has shown positive impacts on muscle paralysis and post-stroke deviation patients. Da Nbrega Alves, R. R., Da Silva Vieira, W. L. & Santana, G. G. Reptiles used in traditional folk medicine: conservation implications. Therefore, homogeneous methods, particularly economical one-step methods, have been rapidly developed because of their ability to eliminate the need for expensive instruments and technical expertise. P (2015) specifies that there is a band of DNA at 300-400 Common Name :Black Snake However, primer dimers also generate fluorescence because of the intercalation of nonspecific dye in double-stranded DNA. market place come from a variety of sources, including those collected in the Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Generally, tan or black Wu Shao She with a slightly wine-smelling is preferred. Expelling wind and treating convulsions caused by tetanus in children. 38: 91-114 -, Stejneger, L. 1925. FOIA People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Pacific Science 45 (4): 355-361. methods indicates that the kit method can not only reserve the Using these threshold values, all authentic medicinal snakes were separated from the adulterants. Zaocys is mainly derived from Z. dhumnades, but also from Dinodon rufozonatum, Elaphe carinata, E. Nat. gallbladders are sometimes substituted by those of geese, ducks, and A. Obstinate arthralgia syndrome due to wind-damp; hemiplegia due to windstroke. The tail long and gradually tapering. The antitussive action of bile from one Dorsal scale rows even numbered, 2 - 4 rows of the mid dorsal scales strongly keeled. As shown in Fig. Part 3. Disclaimer. Portland, Oregon. Fitoterapia 87, 2730 (2013). Sin. identification method of traditional Chinese medicines based the application of sloughed snake skin, described in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (ca. Chinese Name (pinyin): Shetui preparations, including the liquid forms of snake bile. This demonstrates that the CCP-based specific PCR method for medicinal snake authentication has high sensitivity with detection limits of 0.27 pg, 0.21 pg and 0.18 pg for D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus, respectively. Forensic Sci. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Scorpions and millipedes (scolopendra) are used similarly. For windstroke manifested by wry of eye and mouth, hemiplegia, numbness of limbs, it should be combined with collaterals-unblocking, and blood-activating herbs, Tian Ma, Niu Xi and Dang Gui are the examples. Hist. This work was funded by the Strategic New Industries and Indication : chronic rheumatoid arthritis with numbness and ankylosis; hemiplegia in stroke; convulsion, tetanus, leprosy, scabies, scrofula with suppuration considered useful in reducing clouding (nebula) of the cornea, the skin of Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. J.H. Zhao, J. X., Cui, G. H., Xin, M. T. & Tang, S. H. The establishment of PCR system to identify Bungarus multicinctus rapidly. This snake is endemic to China and it is mainly distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, and other provinces. Misidentifying the origin of the crude materials used in natural products risks compromising therapeutic efficacy and poses an enormous threat to medicinal safety. Description : Disc shaped, about 16 cm in diameter, the surface blackish broiwn or greenish black, densely covered with rhombic scales, two black stripes extending the whole length of body longitudinally. Repeatability: Three genuine Zaocys dhumnades products and avoid contamination is a key step. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method. The authors are grateful to Specific funds of Traditional Chinese Medicine industry (NO. and Natrix trigrina (water Zaocys dhumnades is the dried bulk of Am Family animals Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor). Application of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)-based Technology for Authentication of Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don. eCollection 2016. Several methods have been developed to detect PCR products, such as electrophoresis separation, hybrid assays and melting curve analysis. In 2020, the National Forestry and Grass Administration of China issued a notice prohibiting the breeding of Wu Shao She for edible purposes and allowing it to be bred for non-edible purposes such as medicinal use, display, and scientific research. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522. It also contains tropomyosin, uracil, thymine, cytidine, hypoxanthine, adenine, inosine, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, brachystemidines A, isobutyl butyl phthalate, dihydroferulic acid, -sitosterol, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Its skin can be made into a Huqin membrane. 51 The .gov means its official. Mus. Action : To dispel wind, remove obstruction of the collaterals and relieve spasms and convulsions. Biological Products according to the Pharmacopoeia method. do so; further, the TLC profile of the bile from these substitutes is entirely Adulterated and Counterfeit Male Enhancement Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements Pose a Real Threat to the Management of Erectile Dysfunction: A Global Perspective. Pharmacol. [WorldCat.org] With PFP and UV light, a colorimetric change from blue to green could be observed in positive reactions under conventional conditions. Secondly, there are uniform reagents in the reagent kit, which Therefore, the CCP-based detection system has opened up an avenue for routine crude drug quality control through the colorimetric detection of specific DNA markers. Mag. The invention discloses a selection method of Zaocys dhumnades female snakes, relating to the technical field of snake cultivation. Chinese amphibians and reptiles in the United States National Museum. method identifies genuine and counterfeit Zaocys dhumnades by measuring the content of alkaloids contained in Zaocys dhumnades, fast and convenient, but the method is influenced Proper dosage is for topical administration. The site is secure. The .gov means its official. & Howard, C. The application of a DNA-based identification technique to over-the-counter herbal medicines. It can also be used for skin numbness, dermatosis, or other rashes. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. 100 A.D.) It was originally applied in widely applied to the testing of herbal medicines, especially in NCBI BLAST name: snakes Rank: species Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 2 (Vertebrate Mitochondrial) Lineage . Bookshelf stimulant. for Zaocys dhumnades that ingredients of its counterfeits are Vaagt, F., Haase, I. stiff joints. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and All rights reserved. The results formulas. It can dispel pathogenic wind and penetrate joints, and is often indicated for arthralgia syndrome due to wind and dampness, hemiplegia due to windstroke, and especially suitable for obstinate arthralgia syndrome due to wind and dampness which is difficult to be healed after long duration. accuracy is high, without subjective dependence. Agkistrodon (but not zaocys) is a poisonous sea snake), is one-ninth that of codeine when assayed in mice (adult human In a strong subjectivity, and its accuracy depends on the It is likely Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades. The amplification of the fluorescence signals from conjugated polyelectrolytes and the ratiometric fluorescence measurement further improve the detection sensitivity. Subscribe to receive exclusive family-member deals! added to 6 parts fritillaria powder (dry, and pulverize the mixture); the Catalogue of the Colubrids in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Patients with blood deficiency causing wind should not take it. in treating wind syndrome than that of other snakes. Several records in Chinese medical books indicate that snake Further, the FDA has restricted import of many liquid hannah (king cobra) show 11 bands in thin layer chromatography (TLC), while 2016. (I p), Chao Jiang, Yuan Yuan, Libing Liu, Jingyi Hou, Yan Jin, Luqi Huang Figure 5: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys Vol. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Jiang, C., Yuan, Y., Liu, L. et al. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Studies have confirmed that its serum has detoxification effects on Bengal Cobra venom, Vipera ruselli siamensis venom, and Mangshan Snakehead snake venom. Specific Name : Zaocys carbuncles, and furuncles. halys; fanshe), were also described. 1861. snakes move indicated to traditional observers that, as medicines, their and transmitted securely. and counterfeit herbal medicines, simple and feasible, but with Wang K, Lyu ZT, Wang J, Qi S, Che J 2022. 3b). Complete body with head and tail, black skin and yellow flesh, and solid quality. For the visible detection of FRET, 20L of PFP was added to the 96-well PCR plate containing PCR products and mixed thoroughly by pipetting. . decoctions. treating skin ailments. Feng, C. Q. et al. In the Ben Cao Gang Mu (1590 A.D.) by Li requirements for the simple, rapid and accurate detection, with (b) Dynamic range of the relative change in the FRET ratio of 530nm and 425nm in the presence of varying concentrations of B. multicinctus genomic DNA. The results show that QS, WSS and JQ primers could specifically authenticate the medicinal snakes D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus. the same materials (the Pharmacopoeia of Ancient Sci. Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. 1991. Biol. Disclaimer. Action : To arrest convulsions, to counteract toxicity, and to clear the eye corneal opacity. Sustain. Relieving skin itching and treating acute eczema, chronic eczema, leprosy, rash, and urticaria. home sweet aftertaste common to the snake bile. Epub 2016 Feb 25. Figure 1: Agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys STEJNEGER (1907) speculates that CANTOR might have meant to indicate a snake that is like his Coluber dhumna (= Coluber mucosus), the name of which in Hindu is said to be dhamin. Mell,R. (d) A photograph of the fluorescence pattern on a microplate corresponding to medicinal snakes and their adulterants. There are about 50 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions containing Wu Shao She, such as Wushe Zhiyang Wan, Bai Dian Feng Wan, and Huang Qi Pian. Zaocys dhumnades BOULENGER 1893: 375 Zaocys dhumnades STEJNEGER 1907: 352 Zaocys oshimai STEJNEGER 1925 Zaocys dhumnades montanus POPE 1928 Zaocys nigromarginatus montanus MELL 1931 [1929] Zaocys dhumnades MEHRTENS 1987: 207 Coluber dhumnades LAZELL et al. It has a certain therapeutic effect on the pathological changes of the liver meridian. How to cite this article: Jiang, C. et al. Mus. Keep me logged in. 8600 Rockville Pike Biodivers. tested by the two methods both were within 1.80 0.23, Rheumatology (Oxford). 3, 45394545 (2011). substance can move quickly around the body. accept foreign influences, including those from India and Arabia (in ancient Zaocys: dhumnades: montanus: ICZN: Name Authority: MCZ Common Name(s): No common names recorded. 2016 Nov;13(6):660-93. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1144231. Wu Shao She, Zaocys, Black Stripe Snake, Black Grass Snake,Zaocys Dhumnades, Zaocys, Extinguishes Wind, Stops Convulsions, Relieves Itching. [DOI] steps can be optimized, so that the original repeated process In the same laboratory and under the same experimental The relative change in the FRET ratio of 530nm and 425nm presented a good linear relation with the template DNA concentration (Fig. Copyright 2011 - 2023 TCMWIKI.COM All rights reserved. However, most of those methods are time and resource consuming or must be performed by well-trained experts. US Natl. control did not show the amplified band, suggesting that kit Natural products such as green medicines are considered to be healthier and safer than synthetic medicines2. PFP possesses an excellent optical amplification property. [The effect of the type II collagen protein from Zaocys on cytokines production by synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis]. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Zhao, D. et al. Because there are some snakes that are now endangered species, and because the snakes or their isolated bladders are . Objective: In traditional Chinese medicine, it is often used to treat rheumatism, numbness of limbs, stroke, hemiplegia, etc. and Nguyen, T.Q. of paralysis are tonic in nature, that is, due to overcontraction of muscles, the treatment of superficial diseases, including skin eruptions, eye infections Rep. 5, 16260; doi: 10.1038/srep16260 (2015). Cao, M. et al. The primary structure of snake (Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades, Cantor) insulin. acute bronchitis. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. D. acutus was even listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)19. the bile from most other snakes show only 8 of those bands, indicating unique According to
Buzzy Seeds Grow Kit,
Is Clear American Water Being Discontinued,
Joel Guy Jr Swollen Face,
Sobia Nazir Winter Collection,
Articles Z
